Carr E C
J Clin Nurs. 1996 Sep;5(5):289-95.
Reflection can be seen as a useful tool to enable the practitioner to explore the everyday world of clinical practice. This paper reviews the background to reflection and its relevance to nursing in reducing the theory--practice gap and its role in generating theory from practice. Exemplars from clinical practice are reflected upon and Carper's (1978) 'Patterns of Knowing' are used as a framework to identify nursing knowledge embedded in practice. The process of reflection is critically discussed in the light of the author's experience.
反思可被视为一种有用的工具，能使从业者探索临床实践的日常世界。本文回顾了反思的背景及其与护理的相关性，包括在缩小理论与实践差距方面的作用以及在从实践中生成理论方面的作用。文中反思了临床实践中的实例，并以卡珀（1978年）的“认知模式”为框架，来识别实践中蕴含的护理知识。结合作者的经验，对反思过程进行了批判性讨论。
