Wilbur J, Miller A, Montgomery A
Department of Public Health, College of Nursing, The University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
Women Health. 1995;23(3):19-39. doi: 10.1300/J013v23n03_02.
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of demographic characteristics, including ethnicity, socioeconomic status, marital status, and number of children, as well as menopausal status, physical symptoms, and psychological symptoms on midlife women's attitudes toward menopause. A random sample of 149 women, aged 35 to 65 and stratified by occupation, age, and race, was selected from employee lists. A 20-item, 7-point semantic differential Menopause Attitude Scale was administered. Menopausal status was determined by self-report and serum hormone levels of estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Symptoms were assessed by a 28-item Symptom Index, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale. Overall the majority of women, regardless of ethnicity or socioeconomic status, had neutral feelings toward menopause. Postmenopausal women reported the most positive attitudes toward menopause, which may indicate that once women have gone through menopause they find it to be less troubling than they anticipated earlier in life. Negative attitudes toward menopause were related to psychological symptoms with higher scores on the depression scale, suggesting that these women may be at higher risk for a difficult midlife transition.
本研究的目的是确定人口统计学特征（包括种族、社会经济地位、婚姻状况和子女数量）以及绝经状态、身体症状和心理症状对中年女性绝经态度的影响。从员工名单中随机抽取了149名年龄在35至65岁之间、按职业、年龄和种族分层的女性。采用了一份包含20个项目、7级语义差异的绝经态度量表。绝经状态通过自我报告以及雌二醇和促卵泡生成素（FSH）的血清激素水平来确定。症状通过一份包含28个项目的症状指数、流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）和布拉德伯恩情感平衡量表进行评估。总体而言，大多数女性，无论种族或社会经济地位如何，对绝经都持中立态度。绝经后女性对绝经的态度最为积极，这可能表明一旦女性经历了绝经，她们会发现绝经并没有她们早年预期的那么麻烦。对绝经的消极态度与抑郁量表得分较高的心理症状有关，这表明这些女性在中年过渡阶段可能面临更高的困难风险。
