De Lorenzo R A
Department of Emergency Medicine, Darnall Army Community Hospital, Ft. Hood, Texas 76544-5063, USA.
J Emerg Med. 1996 Sep-Oct;14(5):603-13. doi: 10.1016/s0736-4679(96)00140-0.
Immobilization of the spine is an important skill for all emergency providers. This article reviews the literature regarding the equipment, adjuncts, and techniques involved in spinal immobilization. Current prehospital practice is to apply spinal immobilization liberally in cases of suspected neck or back injury. Rigid cervical collars, long backboards, and straps remain the standard implements for immobilizing supine patients. Tape, foam blocks, and towels can complement the basic items and improve stability. Padding may improve positioning and comfort. Intermediate-stage devices include the short backboard and newer commercial devices. Properly used, all provide reasonable immobilization of the sitting patient. Future directions for study include refinement of optimal body position, dynamic performance of all devices, and broadening study populations to include children and the elderly.
脊柱固定对于所有急救人员来说都是一项重要技能。本文回顾了有关脊柱固定所涉及的设备、辅助工具和技术的文献。当前的院前实践是在怀疑有颈部或背部损伤的情况下广泛应用脊柱固定。硬质颈托、长背板和绑带仍然是固定仰卧位患者的标准工具。胶带、泡沫块和毛巾可以补充基本物品并提高稳定性。衬垫可以改善体位和舒适度。中级阶段的设备包括短背板和新型商用设备。正确使用时，所有这些都能为坐位患者提供合理的固定。未来的研究方向包括优化最佳体位、所有设备的动态性能，以及扩大研究人群以包括儿童和老年人。
