Plaud J J, Gaither G A
Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks 58202-8380, USA.
Behav Modif. 1996 Apr;20(2):183-201. doi: 10.1177/01454455960202003.
Historical and contemporary theories of reinforcement, as well as the clinical application of reinforcement principles to behavior modification and therapy, are critically analyzed and discussed. A new behavioral approach to studying the allocation of behavior under changed environmental constraints, termed behavioral momentum, is also presented. Whereas traditional behavioral analysis has emphasized the role of response rate as an index of response probability and response strength, more recent studies have addressed the persistence of behavior under altered environmental conditions and reinforcement contingencies. In terms of behavior modification and therapy, issues such as generalizability and relapse prevention have major implications for the type and length of behavioral intervention strategies employed. The behavioral momentum model analyzes operant behavior not only in terms of its response rate but also in relation to its persistence under changed environmental constraints. The authors discuss the applicability of this recent addition to reinforcement theories in context of its implications for behavior modification and therapy.
对强化的历史和当代理论，以及强化原理在行为矫正和治疗中的临床应用进行了批判性分析和讨论。还提出了一种研究在变化的环境约束下行为分配的新行为方法，称为行为动量。传统行为分析强调反应率作为反应概率和反应强度指标的作用，而最近的研究则关注在改变的环境条件和强化偶联下行为的持续性。在行为矫正和治疗方面，诸如普遍性和复发预防等问题对所采用的行为干预策略的类型和时长具有重大影响。行为动量模型不仅根据反应率分析操作性行为，还根据其在变化的环境约束下的持续性进行分析。作者在其对行为矫正和治疗的影响背景下讨论了这一强化理论新内容的适用性。
