Brown Glenn S, White K Geoffrey
Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2009 Apr;35(2):238-49. doi: 10.1037/a0013864.
Traditional theories of delayed matching-to-sample performance do not predict that accuracy will improve when absolute levels of reinforcement are increased. This prediction emerges only when reinforcement context is considered (J. A. Nevin, M. Davison, A. L. Odum, & T. A. Shahan, 2007). To provide quantitative data, the authors factorially manipulated between conditions the probability and duration of reinforcement for correct choices by pigeons. In Experiment 1, increasing the value of either variable improved initial discriminability of the forgetting functions, but did not affect the rate of forgetting. In Experiment 2, initial discriminability covaried with changes in choice immediacy and trial completion rate, suggesting a relationship with response strength consistent with Nevin et al.'s behavioral momentum model. Adding reinforcement context to K. G. White and J. T. Wixted's (1999) model also generates predictions consistent with the present experiments and with the effects of manipulating extraneous reinforcement. The inclusion of reinforcement context thus improves predictions of delayed matching-to-sample performance.
传统的延迟匹配样本任务表现理论并未预测到，当强化的绝对水平提高时，准确性会得到提升。只有在考虑强化情境时，才会出现这一预测（J. A. 内文、M. 戴维森、A. L. 奥登姆和T. A. 沙汉，2007年）。为了提供定量数据，作者对鸽子正确选择的强化概率和持续时间进行了析因设计的条件间操纵。在实验1中，增加任一变量的值都提高了遗忘函数的初始辨别力，但并未影响遗忘率。在实验2中，初始辨别力与选择即时性和试验完成率的变化共同变化，这表明与反应强度存在一种关系，与内文等人的行为动量模型一致。将强化情境添加到K. G. 怀特和J. T. 威克斯泰德（1999年）的模型中，也会产生与本实验以及操纵无关强化的效果相一致的预测。因此，纳入强化情境可改善对延迟匹配样本任务表现的预测。
