Warren D E
Pharmacy Dept., St. Lawrence Hospital, Lansing, Michigan, USA.
J Pain Symptom Manage. 1996 Jun;11(6):378-87. doi: 10.1016/0885-3924(96)00012-7.
The rectal route of drug administration is an efficient and economical method for pharmacologic intervention in the terminally ill patient for whom the oral route is precluded. This review first describes the physiology and general considerations surrounding rectal drug administration, then evaluates the literature pertaining to analgesic and adjuvant medications and dosage forms that are and are not approved for rectal administration by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. A paucity of studies deal with rectal administration in terminally ill patients, and data have been gathered from pharmacokinetic studies or studies in which the drugs were used for other indications. Where plausible, practical clinical recommendations for the rectal use of opioids, nonopioid analgesics, anxiolytics, and other adjuvants are formulated.
对于无法采用口服给药途径的晚期患者而言，直肠给药是一种有效且经济的药物干预方法。本综述首先描述直肠给药的生理学机制及一般注意事项，然后评估有关镇痛药物、辅助药物以及剂型的文献，这些药物和剂型在美国食品药品监督管理局是否获批用于直肠给药。针对晚期患者直肠给药的研究较少，相关数据取自药代动力学研究或药物用于其他适应症的研究。在可行的情况下，制定了关于直肠使用阿片类药物、非阿片类镇痛药、抗焦虑药及其他辅助药物的实用临床建议。
