Coulter D L
Pediatrics and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA.
Ment Retard. 1996 Apr;34(2):108-16.
The new ideas about the etiology of mental retardation described in the 1992 AAMR definition (Luckasson et al., 1992) provide the opportunity to rethink ideas about prevention. The opportunity also exists to correct the conspicuous absence of prevention considerations from Step 3 (Profile and Intensities of Needed Supports) in the AAMR three-step process. In this paper the changing concepts of what mental retardation is, what causes it, and how it can be prevented were explored. Etiology and prevention were related to the emerging support paradigm to demonstrate how prevention activities can be developed as a form of individual support. A format was suggested to improve the designation of the etiology in Step 2 (Classification and Description) and to relate etiology to strategies for prevention and support in Step 3.
1992年美国智力缺陷协会（AAMR）定义（Luckasson等人，1992年）中描述的关于智力缺陷病因的新观点为重新思考预防理念提供了契机。同时，也有机会纠正AAMR三步流程中第三步（所需支持的概况与强度）明显缺乏预防考量的问题。本文探讨了关于智力缺陷是什么、其成因以及如何预防的不断变化的概念。病因学与预防和新兴的支持范式相关联，以展示如何将预防活动发展成为一种个人支持形式。本文提出了一种格式，以改进第二步（分类与描述）中病因的指定，并将病因学与第三步中的预防和支持策略联系起来。
