Schalock R L, Stark J A, Snell M E, Coulter D L, Polloway E A, Luckasson R, Reiss S, Spitalnik D M
Department of Psychology, Hastings College, NE 68901.
Ment Retard. 1994 Jun;32(3):181-93.
The 1992 American Association on Mental Retardation's (AAMR) definition and classification of mental retardation is different from the previous classification system in that: (a) a single diagnostic code of mental retardation is used if the person meets the three criteria of age of onset (18 or under), significantly subaverage abilities in intellectual functioning, and related limitations in two or more adaptive skills areas; (b) the person's strengths and weaknesses are described in reference to four dimensions: intellectual functioning and adaptive skills; psychological and emotional well-being; health, physical well-being, and etiology; and life activity environments; and (c) a profile of needed supports is developed across the four dimensions. In this article we discussed six major implications of the 1992 System for the field of mental retardation.
1992年美国智力迟钝协会（AAMR）对智力迟钝的定义和分类与以往的分类系统不同，体现在：（a）如果一个人符合三个标准，即发病年龄（18岁及以下）、智力功能显著低于平均水平以及在两个或更多适应技能领域存在相关限制，那么就使用单一的智力迟钝诊断代码；（b）根据四个维度描述个人的优势和劣势：智力功能和适应技能；心理和情感健康；健康、身体健康和病因；以及生活活动环境；（c）在这四个维度上制定所需支持的概况。在本文中，我们讨论了1992年系统对智力迟钝领域的六个主要影响。
