Ferretti V, Sankoff D
Centre de recherches mathématiques, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Math Biosci. 1996 May;134(1):71-83. doi: 10.1016/0025-5564(95)00108-5.
A model for DNA or protein sequence evolution is proposed where each position belongs to one of two distinct classes. The two classes evolve at different rates. For a phylogeny on four species, we find a cubic function of 4-tuple occurrence frequencies that is nontrivially invariant no matter what the proportion of positions in each rate class. This result refutes the major criticism of nonlinear polynomial invariants.