Nofal F H, Saeed A A, Anokute C C
Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J R Soc Health. 1996 Oct;116(5):304-11. doi: 10.1177/146642409611600508.
The study analysed 13,390 police records of road traffic accidents (RTAs) covering a three and a half year period according to different suspected aetiological factors. The majority of the accidents were recorded for vehicles in good condition on well-paved straight roads with well-operating traffic light systems. Adverse weather conditions such as precipitation, fog and dust were of minimal importance, with most of the accidents being reported during sunny days during the rush period of 12 noon to 3 pm. Driver's error was identified as the main contributing factor in about two thirds of all RTAs mainly as reckless driving and excess speeding. About 27% of the drivers were professional drivers and 41% were in the age group 25-35 years in good health with no alcohol or drug intake. Hence, human errors may be attributed to carelessness, experience, lack of knowledge or attention, over-exhaustion or fatigue. The effects of physical stressors on performance of drivers need to be further explored and clarified but this need not underestimate the importance of vehicle and environment since most accidents are multifactoral and a slight change in them may effectively enhance perception and minimise personal error. Recommendations for remedial measures adopting an interdisciplinary approach are presented.
该研究根据不同的疑似病因因素，分析了涵盖三年半时间的13390份道路交通事故（RTA）警方记录。大多数事故发生在路况良好、路面铺设良好、交通信号灯系统运行正常的直路上行驶的车辆上。降水、雾和沙尘等恶劣天气条件的影响极小，大多数事故报告发生在中午12点至下午3点的高峰时段晴天期间。在所有道路交通事故中，约三分之二的事故主要原因是驾驶员失误，主要表现为鲁莽驾驶和超速行驶。约27%的驾驶员为职业驾驶员，41%的驾驶员年龄在25至35岁之间，身体健康，未饮酒或吸毒。因此，人为失误可能归因于粗心、经验、知识或注意力不足、过度劳累或疲劳。身体应激源对驾驶员表现的影响需要进一步探讨和阐明，但这并不意味着可以低估车辆和环境的重要性，因为大多数事故是多因素的，它们的轻微变化可能有效地增强感知并减少个人失误。本文提出了采用跨学科方法的补救措施建议。
