Muñoz R F, Mrazek P J, Haggerty R J
Department of Psychiatry, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California 94110, USA.
Am Psychol. 1996 Nov;51(11):1116-22. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.51.11.1116.
A comprehensive report mandated by the U.S. Congress on the state of the science of prevention recommends a stricter definition of the term prevention; summarizes specific preventive intervention research programs across the life span; and specifies funding, personnel, and coordination priorities to build a national prevention research infrastructure. A major conceptual recommendation is a focus on reducing risk for mental disorders, which has been a fruitful strategy in the prevention of physical illness. The report argues that the prevention field should also draw from advances in mental disorder treatment research and from the major contributions to the knowledge base occurring in the behavioral and biological core sciences. Relevant advances in neuroscience, genetics, epidemiology, and developmental psychopathology are examined in detail. Five major disorders are chosen to illustrate possible approaches to prevention: conduct disorder, depressive disorders, alcohol abuse and dependence, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.
一份由美国国会授权的关于预防科学现状的综合报告建议对预防一词进行更严格的定义；总结了贯穿一生的具体预防性干预研究项目；并明确了建立国家预防研究基础设施的资金、人员和协调重点。一项主要的概念性建议是关注降低精神障碍风险，这在预防身体疾病方面一直是一项富有成效的策略。该报告认为，预防领域还应借鉴精神障碍治疗研究的进展以及行为和生物核心科学对知识库的重大贡献。详细审查了神经科学、遗传学、流行病学和发展心理病理学方面的相关进展。选择了五种主要疾病来说明可能的预防方法：品行障碍、抑郁症、酒精滥用和依赖、精神分裂症以及阿尔茨海默病。
