O'Neill K, Damoglou A P, Patterson M F
Department of Food Science (Microbiology), Queen's University of Belfast, UK.
J Appl Bacteriol. 1996 Nov;81(5):518-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03541.x.
Mycotoxin production (deoxynivalenol (DON), acetyl deoxynivalenol (A DON) and zearalenone) by Fusarium culmorum inoculated on to maize (heat sterilized, irradiation sterilized and non-sterile) and irradiated to 1 kGy or 3 kGy, or unirradiated, was investigated over a period of time. Lowest mycotoxin production was observed on non-sterile maize which may be due to the presence of a competitive microflora on non-sterile maize which may be due to the presence of a competitive microflora on non-sterile maize. In general, mycotoxin production was higher on heat-sterilized grain as compared to irradiation-sterilized maize. It was suggested that this pattern of mycotoxin production was possibly caused by changes in the grain brought about by autoclaving, which favoured mycotoxin production and possibly induced changes in irradiation-sterilized maize which inhibited mycotoxin production. On sterile maize, there was no significant difference in DON production by unirradiated, 1 kGy and 3 kGy irradiated cultures up to 56 d of incubation; between days 56 and 77 of incubation, DON production increased rapidly with largest increases occurring in irradiated (1 kGy and 3 kGy) cultures. On non-sterile grain, neither DON nor A DON were detected in unirradiated cultures of F. culmorum but were detected in cultures irradiated to 1 kGy and 3 kGy. In practice grain should be stored under conditions of temperature and moisture content which prevent fungal growth. However, in this study, the grain was stored under conditions that were approaching ideal for growth of the test organism. The results highlight that irradiation disinfestation of grain must be combined with good grain handling practices so that excessive mycotoxin production can be prevented during storage.
对接种在玉米（热灭菌、辐照灭菌和未灭菌）上的禾谷镰刀菌产生霉菌毒素（脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（A DON）和玉米赤霉烯酮）的情况进行了一段时间的研究，这些玉米经过1千戈瑞或3千戈瑞辐照或未辐照处理。在未灭菌玉米上观察到最低的霉菌毒素产量，这可能是由于未灭菌玉米上存在竞争性微生物群落。总体而言，与辐照灭菌的玉米相比，热灭菌谷物上的霉菌毒素产量更高。有人认为，这种霉菌毒素产生模式可能是由高压灭菌导致的谷物变化引起的，这种变化有利于霉菌毒素的产生，而辐照灭菌玉米中可能发生的变化则抑制了霉菌毒素的产生。在无菌玉米上，未辐照、1千戈瑞和3千戈瑞辐照的培养物在培养56天内DON产量没有显著差异；在培养56天至77天之间，DON产量迅速增加，辐照（1千戈瑞和3千戈瑞）培养物中的增加幅度最大。在未灭菌谷物上，禾谷镰刀菌未辐照培养物中未检测到DON和A DON，但在辐照至1千戈瑞和3千戈瑞的培养物中检测到了。实际上，谷物应储存在防止真菌生长的温度和水分条件下。然而，在本研究中，谷物是在接近测试生物体生长理想条件的环境下储存的。结果突出表明，谷物的辐照除害处理必须与良好的谷物处理方法相结合，以便在储存期间防止霉菌毒素过度产生。
