Duplication and differential expression of hemagglutinin genes in Porphyromonas gingivalis.

A third hemagglutinin gene, defined as hagC, was cloned from Porphyromonas gingivalis 381 and sequenced. This gene was found to encode a protein highly homologous (98.6%) to the previously reported HagB hemagglutinin protein. The upstream and downstream regions of hagB and hagC were found to share less than 40% homology compared with 99% for their open reading frames. The antigenic relationship between the two hemagglutinins was demonstrated by Western blot analysis. When expressed in an in vitro transcription-translation system, both genes encoded a protein with a molecular mass of 49 kDa. As determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the steady-state levels of hagB and hagC mRNAs were found to vary according to the growth phase and hemin concentration. The amount of transcripts decreased in hemin-limited conditions or in the absence of hemin. Furthermore, hagB mRNAs were detected in the early logarithmic growth phase compared with the hagC transcripts, which were detected only in the mid-exponential phase of growth.