DiBernardo C, Pacheco E M, Hughes J R, Iliff W J, Byrne S F
Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
Ophthalmology. 1996 Nov;103(11):1794-7. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(96)30425-9.
Metastatic melanoma to the extraocular muscles is an extremely rare condition characterized by marked enlargement of the involved muscles. The authors describe the echographic characteristics of metastatic melanoma to extraocular muscles.
The authors used standardized echography (standardized A-scan and contact B-scan) to examine two patients known to have malignant melanoma elsewhere with metastatic melanoma to the extraocular muscles. Both patients had orbital lesions with similar echographic characteristics.
Echographically, metastatic melanoma to an extraocular muscle spares the tendon and produces marked thickening of the muscle belly fibers. Other echographic findings include low internal reflectivity, regular internal structure, and vascularity (similar to uveal melanoma). These previously unreported echographic features may be unique to metastatic melanoma to an extraocular muscle.
Echography can be a useful adjunct in detecting and diagnosing suspected metastatic melanoma to the extraocular muscles in patients with clinical signs of an orbital mass and known melanoma elsewhere or in the absence of a known primary lesion.
眼外肌转移性黑色素瘤是一种极为罕见的疾病，其特征为受累肌肉明显增大。作者描述了眼外肌转移性黑色素瘤的超声特征。
作者使用标准化超声检查（标准化A扫描和接触式B扫描）对两名已知在其他部位患有恶性黑色素瘤且伴有眼外肌转移性黑色素瘤的患者进行检查。两名患者的眼眶病变具有相似的超声特征。
在超声检查中，眼外肌转移性黑色素瘤不累及肌腱，导致肌腹纤维明显增厚。其他超声表现包括内部反射率低、内部结构规则以及血管形成（类似于葡萄膜黑色素瘤）。这些先前未报道的超声特征可能是眼外肌转移性黑色素瘤所特有的。
对于有眼眶肿块临床体征且已知在其他部位患有黑色素瘤或无已知原发病变的患者，超声检查可作为检测和诊断疑似眼外肌转移性黑色素瘤的有用辅助手段。
