Gratacós E, Torres P J, Cararach V, Quinto L, Alonso P L, Fortuny A
Department d'Obstetrícia i Ginecologia, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
Hum Reprod. 1996 Oct;11(10):2138-41. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019065.
To estimate the impact of the exposure to spermatozoa on the risk of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension, the duration of sexual cohabitation with the father and the use of contraceptive methods were evaluated among 113 primigravid women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and 109 age- and parity-matched controls. The duration of unprotected sexual cohabitation was approximately 50% shorter in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (2.3 versus 4.7, P < 0.0001), regardless of the contraceptive method previously used. However, the duration of oral contraception use was similar in cases and controls (22.1 versus 23.4 months). Also, of the total group of women who developed pregnancy-induced hypertension, 85.5% (97) became pregnant during the first 3 months of unprotected sexual intercourse in comparison with 54.1% (59) in the control group (P < 0.0001). Results suggest that the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension in primigravidae is reduced with duration of sexual cohabitation, and therefore with exposure to paternal spermatozoa. However, the protective effect of exposure is not achieved while using oral contraceptives. Considering the present options for nulliparous women, contraception does not appear to be a viable public health policy to reduce the risk of pregnancy induced hypertension.
为评估接触精子对妊娠高血压发生风险的影响，我们在113例患有妊娠高血压的初产妇和109例年龄及产次匹配的对照者中，对与父亲的性同居时长及避孕方法的使用情况进行了评估。患有妊娠高血压的女性未采取保护措施的性同居时长约缩短50%（2.3年对4.7年，P<0.0001），无论之前使用何种避孕方法。然而，口服避孕药的使用时长在病例组和对照组中相似（22.1个月对23.4个月）。此外，在发生妊娠高血压的女性总体中，85.5%（97例）在未采取保护措施的性交后的前3个月内怀孕，而对照组为54.1%（59例）（P<0.0001）。结果表明，初产妇发生妊娠高血压的风险随性同居时长以及因此随接触父方精子而降低。然而，使用口服避孕药时未获得接触的保护作用。考虑到目前针对未生育女性的选择，避孕似乎并非降低妊娠高血压风险的可行公共卫生策略。
