Hargaden M, Goldberg S H, Cunningham D, Breton M E, Griffith J W, Lang C M
Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey 17033, USA.
Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996 Dec;12(4):264-72. doi: 10.1097/00002341-199612000-00009.
The goal of the study was to determine, using a nonhuman primate (NHP) model, the minimum duration of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) (induced by an inflated catheter) necessary to produce significant visual system deficits. In Old World monkeys (Macaca mulatta), a catheter was placed retrobulbarly in one orbit and inflated with saline for either 180 min (10 monkeys) or 240 min (six monkeys subjects). Baseline color fundus photographs, monochromatic photography, fluorescein angiography, and IOP measurements were performed preoperatively and at either 2, 4, or 6 weeks postoperatively on both eyes of each monkey prior to killing and histological analysis. Optic neuropathy was demonstrated in eight of these NHPs. In the two most severe cases (240 min inflation condition), complete nerve fiber atrophy with central retinal artery occlusion was observed. Sector nerve fiber atrophy, extending from the temporal disc to beyond the macula, was noted in the other six monkeys, five of which were in the 180 min inflation condition. Thus, optic neuropathy, sufficient to produce visual loss, was noted following increased IOP (> or = 50 mm Hg) for 180 min or 240 min. These data emphasize the need for timely intervention to mitigate the potential detrimental effects of retrobulbar hemorrhage when it occurs in humans.
本研究的目的是使用非人灵长类动物（NHP）模型，确定产生明显视觉系统缺陷所需的眼内压升高（由充气导管诱导）的最短持续时间。在旧世界猴（恒河猴）中，将导管置于一只眼眶的球后并注入生理盐水，持续180分钟（10只猴子）或240分钟（6只猴子）。在处死和进行组织学分析之前，对每只猴子的双眼在术前以及术后2、4或6周进行基线彩色眼底照片、单色摄影、荧光素血管造影和眼压测量。在这些NHP中有8只出现了视神经病变。在两个最严重的病例（充气240分钟的情况）中，观察到完全性神经纤维萎缩并伴有视网膜中央动脉阻塞。在其他6只猴子中发现了扇形神经纤维萎缩，从颞侧视盘延伸至黄斑以外，其中5只处于充气180分钟的情况。因此，在眼内压升高（≥50 mmHg）180分钟或240分钟后，出现了足以导致视力丧失的视神经病变。这些数据强调了在人类发生球后出血时及时进行干预以减轻其潜在有害影响的必要性。
