Yeung J M, Collins P G
Health Protection Branch, Food Directorate, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Research Division, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
J AOAC Int. 1996 Nov-Dec;79(6):1411-6.
Food allergy presents a problem for many parts of society, including sensitive subjects, schools, health authorities, and the food industry. Once food allergy is diagnosed, dietary avoidance is the principle method of management. Because trace levels of peanuts can elicit an adverse to fatal reaction, unintentional exposure to the offending allergens may have devastating consequences to sensitive individuals. However, determination of trace amounts of unintentional peanut contamination in our food supply is very difficult. Recently, we developed polyclonal antibodies specific to peanut proteins that do not cross-react with 22 legumes, tree nuts, or other common snack ingredients. An antiserum containing the polyclonal antibodies was used to develop a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of peanut proteins in snack foods. This study reports the first successful ELISA test to detect trace amounts of peanut allergens in a variety of foods. The concentration of peanut protein that inhibited 50% of antibody-antigen binding (IC50) was 12 ng/mL, the linear range was 1-63 ng/mL, and the detection limit was 400 ng/g (ppb) for the various foods tested. Recoveries ranged from 68 to 90%, with coefficients of variation of 2-22%, depending on the commodity. Using this new procedure, allergy-related complaint samples from various food groups were analyzed, and undeclared peanut proteins were identified in some products.
食物过敏给社会的许多方面都带来了问题，包括敏感人群、学校、卫生当局和食品行业。一旦确诊食物过敏，饮食回避是主要的管理方法。由于痕量的花生就能引发从不良反应到致命反应，无意中接触到致敏过敏原可能会给敏感个体带来毁灭性后果。然而，确定我们食品供应中痕量的无意花生污染非常困难。最近，我们开发了对花生蛋白具有特异性的多克隆抗体，这些抗体不会与22种豆类、坚果或其他常见零食成分发生交叉反应。使用含有该多克隆抗体的抗血清开发了一种灵敏的酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA），用于测定零食中的花生蛋白。本研究报告了首次成功通过ELISA检测多种食物中痕量花生过敏原的试验。在所测试的各种食物中，抑制5０%抗体-抗原结合的花生蛋白浓度（IC50）为12 ng/mL，线性范围为1-63 ng/mL，检测限为400 ng/g（ppb）。回收率在68%至90%之间变动，变异系数为2%-22%，具体取决于商品。使用这一新方法，对来自不同食物组的过敏相关投诉样本进行了分析，在一些产品中发现了未标明的花生蛋白。
