Dannenberg A L, Needle S, Mullady D, Kolodner K B
Injury Prevention Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 1996 Nov-Dec;24(6):747-53. doi: 10.1177/036354659602400608.
To assess the incidence of and risk factors for injuries in a group of bicyclists with a well-defined exposure to bicycling, we conducted a prospective study of 1638 recreational bicyclists who rode in the 6-day 339-mile Cycle Across Maryland tour in 1994. The mean age of participants was 39 years (range, 7 to 79), and two-thirds were male. All riders wore helmets. During the tour there were 85 acute traumatic injuries (15.4 per 100,000 person-miles), 76 overuse injuries (13.7 per 100,000 person-miles), and 37 other medical problems (6.7 per 100,000 person-miles). Acute traumatic injuries were associated with a history of racing versus none (relative risk = 2.2, 95% confidence limits = 1.3, 3.7) and with inexperience, no previous Cycle Across Maryland tours versus one or more (relative risk = 1.7, 95% confidence limits = 1.04, 2.8), but not with sex, training, or prior injuries. Inexperience and lack of preride conditioning were risk factors for overuse injuries. The most common overuse injuries and medical problems were knee pain, hand or wrist numbness, foot blisters, insect stings and bites, and heat and dehydration. Study results provide exposure-based incidence rates of bicyclist injuries and suggest overuse injuries may be reduced by increased preride conditioning.
为评估一组明确暴露于骑行环境的自行车骑行者的受伤发生率及风险因素，我们对1638名参加1994年为期6天、行程339英里的“穿越马里兰州自行车之旅”的休闲骑行者进行了一项前瞻性研究。参与者的平均年龄为39岁（范围为7至79岁），三分之二为男性。所有骑行者都佩戴头盔。在这次旅行中，有85例急性创伤性损伤（每100,000人英里15.4例），76例过度使用损伤（每100,000人英里13.7例），以及37例其他医疗问题（每100,000人英里6.7例）。急性创伤性损伤与有比赛经历而非无比赛经历相关（相对风险 = 2.2，95%置信区间 = 1.3, 3.7），还与缺乏经验、之前未参加过“穿越马里兰州自行车之旅”而非参加过一次或多次相关（相对风险 = 1.7，95%置信区间 = 1.04, 2.8），但与性别、训练情况或既往受伤情况无关。缺乏经验和骑行前未进行适应性训练是过度使用损伤的风险因素。最常见的过度使用损伤和医疗问题是膝盖疼痛、手部或手腕麻木、足部水泡以及昆虫叮咬，还有中暑和脱水。研究结果提供了基于暴露情况的自行车骑行者受伤发生率，并表明增加骑行前的适应性训练可能会减少过度使用损伤。
