Image quality and safety after iodixanol in intravenous urography; a comparison with iohexol.

A double-blind, randomized phase III study compared intravenous urography in 100 adult patients receiving iodixanol 320 mgI ml-1 (Visipaque) with 99 patients receiving iohexol 350 mgI ml-1 (Omnipaque). The aim of the study was to investigate differences in image quality between a non-ionic dimeric contrast medium (CM) and a non-ionic monomer at 40 ml per patient and 60-100 ml per patient volume levels. There were no statistically significant differences between iodixanol and iohexol with respect to overall diagnostic information, which was found to be optimal in 86% and 79%, respectively. Immediately after the injection, the renal border was better delineated with iohexol than with iodixanol (p = 0.0001). Marked papillary blush occurred more often in the iodixanol group (16%) than in the iohexol group (0%), as did visualization of the collecting ducts (24% vs 5%) (p = 0.001). The incidence of adverse events was similar and low for both contrast media. In patients who received the higher doses of CM (60-100 ml), the frequency of discomfort was significantly lower after iodixanol than after iohexol (p = 0.006). We conclude that, in intravenous urography, iodixanol provides at least as good image quality as does iohexol. Iodixanol may cause less discomfort than iohexol, in particular when larger volumes of CM are injected.