Smith M C, Dodson D G
Department of Psychology, Washington University, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1996 Nov;105(4):602-8. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.105.4.602.
The facial expressions of adults with Down's syndrome (DS; n = 15) as they watched happy, sad, and neutral videotapes were compared with those of a healthy age-matched control group (n = 20). Facial movements were analyzed with the Facial Action Coding System (P. E. Ekman & W. V. Friesen, 1978). While watching happy stimuli, the 10 DS adults who were able to appropriately rate their reactions smiled with a cheek raise as frequently as control adults, suggesting that the expression of positive affect in these individuals is normal. Contrary to predictions, however, the DS group exhibited fewer smiles without cheek raises than did control adults and were more likely not to smile. Neither group showed prototypic sad facial expressions in response to sad stimuli. Independent of emotion, DS participants made more facial movements, including more tongue shows, than did control participants. Differences in facial expression in DS adults may confuse others' interpretations of their emotional responses and may be important for understanding the development of abnormal emotional processes.
研究人员将15名患有唐氏综合征（DS）的成年人在观看快乐、悲伤和中性录像带时的面部表情，与20名年龄匹配的健康对照组的面部表情进行了比较。面部动作通过面部动作编码系统（P.E.埃克曼和W.V.弗里森，1978年）进行分析。在观看快乐刺激时，10名能够适当评价自己反应的唐氏综合征成年人像对照组成年人一样频繁地通过脸颊上扬来微笑，这表明这些个体的积极情绪表达是正常的。然而，与预测相反的是，唐氏综合征组没有脸颊上扬的微笑比对照组成年人少，而且更有可能不微笑。两组在面对悲伤刺激时均未表现出典型的悲伤面部表情。与情绪无关，唐氏综合征参与者比对照组参与者做出更多的面部动作，包括更多的伸舌动作。唐氏综合征成年人面部表情的差异可能会使他人对其情绪反应的解读产生混淆，并且对于理解异常情绪过程的发展可能很重要。
