Chan C K, Lovibond P F
University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1996 Nov;105(4):637-47. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.105.4.637.
The ability of anxious and control participants to learn about signals for danger and safety was tested within an autonomic conditioned inhibition (A+/AB-) procedure. Only participants who could verbalize the differential contingencies between the stimuli and shock (aware participants) showed discrimination on electrodermal and shock expectancy measures. In Experiment 1, aware high-anxious participants showed similar responding to control participants. However unaware high-anxious participants showed heightened shock expectancy to all stimuli. Experiment 2 replicated this expectancy bias in anxious unaware participants controlling for shock intensity. In both experiments, expectancy bias was associated primarily with anxiety rather than depression. Results support the notion of an interpretive bias in anxious participants under ambiguous threat, consistent with recent findings from information-processing research on linguistic stimuli.
在自主条件性抑制（A+/AB-）程序中测试了焦虑组参与者和对照组参与者学习危险和安全信号的能力。只有能够说出刺激与电击之间差异意外情况的参与者（有意识参与者）在皮肤电反应和电击预期测量中表现出辨别能力。在实验1中，有意识的高焦虑参与者与对照组参与者表现出相似的反应。然而，无意识的高焦虑参与者对所有刺激都表现出更高的电击预期。实验2在控制电击强度的情况下，在焦虑的无意识参与者中重复了这种预期偏差。在两个实验中，预期偏差主要与焦虑相关，而非抑郁。结果支持了在模糊威胁下焦虑参与者存在解释偏差的观点，这与近期关于语言刺激的信息处理研究结果一致。
