Angermeyer M C, Matschinger H
University of Leipzig, Department of Psychiatry, Germany.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1996 Nov;31(6):321-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00783420.
Based on the results of two population surveys conducted in Germany during 1990 and 1993, we examined to what extent personal experience with mental illness might influence attitudes towards the mentally ill. Respondents familiar with mental illness displayed prosocial reactions more frequently than those without any personal experience. They also tended to react less fearfully. There were only small differences, if any, as far as the tendency to respond with aggression was concerned. People with personal experience tended less to adopt an antipathetic and distancing attitude towards individuals suffering from mental disorders. Our results are all the more persuasive as we were able to demonstrate this relationship between personal experience with and attitude towards mental illness for two independent samples. There were indications that personal exposure to mental illness exerts a positive influence on a person's attitude towards the disorder and that our findings were not merely the results of possible selection effects, that is to say, that individuals with a more positive attitude towards the mentally ill would have been more inclined to stay in touch with the latter, therefore having greater experience with mental illness.
基于1990年和1993年在德国进行的两项人口调查结果，我们研究了个人对精神疾病的体验在多大程度上可能影响对精神病患者的态度。熟悉精神疾病的受访者比没有任何个人体验的受访者更频繁地表现出亲社会反应。他们的反应也往往不那么恐惧。就攻击性反应倾向而言，即使有差异也很小。有个人体验的人对患有精神障碍的个体较少采取反感和疏远的态度。我们的结果更具说服力，因为我们能够在两个独立样本中证明个人对精神疾病的体验与对精神疾病的态度之间的这种关系。有迹象表明，个人接触精神疾病会对一个人对该疾病的态度产生积极影响，而且我们的发现不仅仅是可能的选择效应的结果，也就是说，对精神病患者态度更积极的个体更倾向于与后者保持联系，因此对精神疾病有更多体验。
