Binkin N J, Zuber P L, Wells C D, Tipple M A, Castro K G
Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 1996 Dec;23(6):1226-32. doi: 10.1093/clinids/23.6.1226.
The number of reported cases of tuberculosis (TB) in foreign-born persons in the United States during 1995 was 8,042, 36% of the national total. The overseas screening of immigrants and refugee visa applicants, which relies on a chest radiograph and smear microscopy, is designed to identify future U.S. residents who have active TB or who are at high risk for TB. In this commentary, we summarize current policies and review retrospective evaluations of the screening system currently in place. The system appears to detect most persons who have active TB at the time of screening. However, active TB is actually diagnosed in < 15% of persons who are identified by screening as having suspected TB and who are evaluated in the United States. To improve the system, more sensitive and specific techniques as well as improved means of data transmission to state and local health departments are needed.
1995年，美国出生在国外的人中报告的结核病（TB）病例数为8042例，占全国总数的36%。对移民和难民签证申请人进行的海外筛查依靠胸部X光片和涂片显微镜检查，旨在识别未来患有活动性结核病或结核病高危的美国居民。在这篇评论中，我们总结了当前政策并回顾了对现行筛查系统的回顾性评估。该系统似乎能检测出筛查时大多数患有活动性结核病的人。然而，在被筛查确定为疑似结核病并在美国接受评估的人中，实际被诊断为活动性结核病的不到15%。为了改进该系统，需要更敏感和特异的技术以及改善向州和地方卫生部门的数据传输方式。
