Bramadat I J, Chalmers K, Andrusyszyn M A
Undergraduate Programme, Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
J Adv Nurs. 1996 Dec;24(6):1224-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb01029.x.
Nursing in Canada is committed to preparing all new graduates at the baccalaureate level for entry to nursing practice by the year 2000. This goal has major implications for community health nursing education and practice. Health care reform is also expected to move care out of the hospital and into the community. It was against this backdrop that the researchers mounted a study on the educational preparation needed for graduates to begin to practice community health nursing. In this paper, the knowledge, professional and personal skills, and experiences that graduates need to begin community practice are reported. The study was carried out within an action-research framework. All major groups of stakeholders involved in community health nursing throughout the study province were involved in the project. This included nurses and administrators from two public health agencies (provincial and municipal), home care nurses, home health nurses (i.e. non-governmental visiting nurses), community health centres, provincial health care and nursing consultants, and faculty from two universities. In addition to the generation of relevant research findings for use by the educational institutions, the study was initiated to set the stage for future and ongoing interactions between the researchers and community experts to implement the findings from the project. Data were collected from 118 participants by means of 27 focus groups of community nurses, administrators and educators. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and analysed using latent content analysis and constant comparison techniques. Findings indicated that qualified nurses from university programmes need a wide range of knowledge, skills and experiences to begin to practice community health nursing. Detailed accounts of these requirements are outlined and the implications for practice and education put forward.
加拿大护理行业致力于在2000年前让所有本科层次的新毕业生做好进入护理实践的准备。这一目标对社区健康护理教育与实践有着重大影响。医疗保健改革预计也会将护理工作从医院转移到社区。正是在这样的背景下，研究人员开展了一项关于毕业生开始从事社区健康护理所需教育准备的研究。本文报告了毕业生开始社区实践所需的知识、专业和个人技能以及经验。该研究是在行动研究框架内进行的。研究省份内参与社区健康护理的所有主要利益相关群体都参与了该项目。这包括来自两个公共卫生机构（省级和市级）的护士和管理人员、家庭护理护士、家庭健康护士（即非政府访视护士）、社区健康中心、省级医疗保健和护理顾问以及两所大学的教师。除了为教育机构生成相关研究结果以供使用外，开展这项研究还为研究人员与社区专家未来持续互动以实施项目成果奠定了基础。通过27个由社区护士、管理人员和教育工作者组成的焦点小组，从118名参与者那里收集了数据。访谈进行了录音、转录，并使用潜在内容分析和持续比较技术进行了分析。研究结果表明，来自大学课程的合格护士需要广泛的知识、技能和经验才能开始从事社区健康护理。文中概述了这些要求的详细情况，并提出了对实践和教育的影响。
