Chalmers K I, Bramadat I J, Andrusyszyn M A
Faculty of Nursing, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
J Nurs Educ. 1998 Mar;37(3):109-17. doi: 10.3928/0148-4834-19980301-05.
Historically, baccalaureate nursing programs in Canada have prepared graduates to practice in the community. Two recent trends-the move to prepare all registered nurses in degree programs and the changing climate in which community nursing is practiced-made it timely to explore the educational preparation required for community health practice. This article reports on one part of the study, i.e., on findings that explicate the nature of community health nursing practice in a western Canadian province, as it has changed during the past decade, as it is currently practiced, and as it is expected to develop in the future. What, in other words, is the nature of the community practice for which nursing students should be prepared? An action research design guided the study. Participants were recruited from all major urban, rural, and northern settings in which baccalaureate nurses practice throughout the province. The perspective of relevant people was considered important, i.e., nurses practicing in the community, administrators, and educators of future community nurses. One hundred eighteen (118) participants were interviewed in 27 focus groups. Data were tape recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for content. Among the themes identified were those that captured changes community health nurses experienced in their nursing practice. Nurses also described how they thought practice would evolve in the years to come. These themes are discussed within a primary health care framework in which nurses can be expected to play a more active role in shaping community health nursing practice.
从历史上看，加拿大的护理学学士学位项目培养毕业生在社区执业。最近的两个趋势——转向在学位项目中培养所有注册护士以及社区护理执业环境的变化——使得探索社区卫生执业所需的教育准备变得恰逢其时。本文报告了该研究的一部分，即关于阐明加拿大西部一个省份社区卫生护理执业性质的研究结果，包括其在过去十年中的变化、当前的执业情况以及未来的发展预期。换句话说，护理专业学生应该为哪种社区执业做准备？一项行动研究设计指导了该研究。参与者从该省所有护理学学士学位护士执业的主要城市、农村和北部地区招募。相关人员的观点被认为很重要，即社区执业护士、管理人员以及未来社区护士的教育工作者。在27个焦点小组中对118名参与者进行了访谈。数据进行了录音、转录并进行了内容分析。确定的主题中包括那些反映社区卫生护士在护理实践中经历的变化的主题。护士们还描述了他们认为实践在未来几年将如何发展。这些主题在初级卫生保健框架内进行讨论，在该框架中，预计护士在塑造社区卫生护理实践方面将发挥更积极的作用。
