Burke E R, Cerny F, Costill D, Fink W
Med Sci Sports. 1977 Summer;9(2):109-12.
Muscle samples from the vastus lateralis and maximal oxygen uptakes were obtained from 22 male and 7 female competitive cyclists. 19 untrained males, and 10 untrained females. Eleven of the 22 male cyclists were designated elite cyclists (Group A) on the basis of their success in national and/or international competition. The remaining 11 male cyclists (Group B) were also trained but had not achieved the same level of competitive success. Significant mean differences (P less than 0.05) between Groups A and B were found for VO2 max (67 and 57 ml/kg/min), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and phosphorylase (PH), in biopsied muscle. No differences were evident between Groups A and B for % slow twitch (ST) and % fast twitch (FT) fibers, or in area FT or ST. Nor was there any difference in the mean activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) between the groups. Significant correlations were found between VO2 max and SDH, VO2 max and MDH, and between SDH and MDH. These data also indicate that an extremely high percentage of FT or ST fibers may not be a requirement for success in competitive cycling as has been found in earlier studies on sprint or endurance running.
从22名男性和7名女性竞技自行车运动员身上获取了股外侧肌样本和最大摄氧量数据。另外还有19名未受过训练的男性和10名未受过训练的女性。在22名男性自行车运动员中，有11名因其在国内和/或国际比赛中的成绩而被指定为精英自行车运动员（A组）。其余11名男性自行车运动员（B组）也经过训练，但未取得同等水平的比赛成绩。在活检肌肉中，A组和B组在最大摄氧量（分别为67和57毫升/千克/分钟）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）和磷酸化酶（PH）方面存在显著的平均差异（P小于0.05）。A组和B组在慢肌纤维百分比（ST）和快肌纤维百分比（FT）、快肌纤维或慢肌纤维面积方面没有明显差异。两组之间琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的平均活性也没有差异。在最大摄氧量与SDH、最大摄氧量与MDH以及SDH与MDH之间发现了显著的相关性。这些数据还表明，与早期关于短跑或耐力跑的研究结果不同，竞技自行车运动取得成功可能并不需要极高比例的快肌纤维或慢肌纤维。
