中长跑运动员的无氧运动能力

Anaerobic performance in middle and long distance runners.

作者信息

Taunton J E, Maron H, Wilkinson J G

出版信息

Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1981 Sep;6(3):109-13.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between blood lactic acid (LA) accumulation, maximum anaerobic power, glycolytic enzyme activity, and skeletal muscle fibre composition in endurance trained runners. Venous LA was measured in 15 male middle distance (MD) and long distance (LD) runners before and after a 30 second all out ergometer ride. Muscle biopsies of the lateral gastrocnemius muscle were obtained prior to exercise for determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and phosphofructokinase (PFK) enzyme activities and histochemical classification of fast twitch (FT) and slow twitch (ST) muscle fibres. Significant differences were observed in %FT fibre composition (47.8(MD) and 34.6 (LD), and mean VO2 max values were significantly higher in the LD runners (62.8 (MD) and 68.7 (LD) ml.kg.-1 min.-1). Blood lactate values following maximal treadmill running were significantly higher in the MD group (15.0 mM) when compared with LD runners (11.9 mM). Total anaerobic power output was calculated according to the "Wingate Anaerobic Test" at 51 (MD) and 49 (LD) kpm. kg.-1 min.-1 and mean post-exercise LA values were 8.6 mM (MD) and 8.0 mM (LD). Similar non-significant differences were observed when muscular power was determined via the "Margaria Test" (109.6 (LD) kgm.sec-1). Correlations were determined and the best relationship was between PFK and %FT (R = 0.84). The data suggest that the ergometer test was of insufficient duration, and thus did not result in maximal accumulation of LA and/or metabolically produced LA is removed rapidly in endurance trained muscle. Endurance training in middle and long distance runners fails to produce high value for anaerobic power tests.

摘要

本研究的目的是调查耐力训练的跑步者血液乳酸（LA）积累、最大无氧功率、糖酵解酶活性和骨骼肌纤维组成之间的关系。在15名男性中距离（MD）和长距离（LD）跑步者进行30秒全力测功仪骑行前后测量静脉血LA。在运动前获取腓肠外侧肌的肌肉活检样本，以测定乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和磷酸果糖激酶（PFK）的酶活性，以及快肌纤维（FT）和慢肌纤维（ST）的组织化学分类。观察到FT纤维组成百分比存在显著差异（MD组为47.8%，LD组为34.6%），并且LD跑步者的平均最大摄氧量值显著更高（MD组为62.8，LD组为68.7 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹）。与LD跑步者（11.9 mM）相比，MD组在最大跑步机跑步后的血乳酸值显著更高（15.0 mM）。根据“温盖特无氧测试”计算的总无氧功率输出在MD组为51，LD组为49 kpm·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹，运动后平均LA值分别为8.6 mM（MD）和8.0 mM（LD）。当通过“马尔加里亚测试”测定肌肉功率时，观察到类似的非显著差异（LD组为109.6 kgm·sec⁻¹）。确定了相关性，最佳关系存在于PFK和FT百分比之间（R = 0.84）。数据表明，测功仪测试持续时间不足，因此未导致LA的最大积累，和/或代谢产生的LA在耐力训练的肌肉中被迅速清除。中长跑运动员的耐力训练未能在无氧功率测试中产生高值。