Tabuchi E, Uwano T, Kondoh T, Ono T, Torii K
Torii Nutrient-Stasis Project, ERATO, Research Development Corporation of Japan (JRDC), Yokohama, Japan.
Brain Res. 1996 Nov 11;739(1-2):139-55. doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(96)00807-4.
To learn how the gustatory nerves convey information about the nutritionally dependent taste preference, intake of amino acid solutions and saline in rats with bilateral chorda tympani (CTX) and/or glossopharyngeal neurotomy (GPX) was determined during the feeding of a control diet (C) and a L-lysine (Lys) deficient diet (LD). Intact rats preferred L-arginine (Arg) more in C and Lys more in LD. The CTX group did not select nor ingest Lys in LD, and its intake of Arg was also low in C. The GPX group did not substantially alter its preference under both diets, while it did show an increase in total liquid intake. The preference changes in the CTX + GPX group appeared as combined effects of the CTX and the GPX groups. In an additional study, the preference for Lys shifted to higher concentrations and the total consumption of Lys increased in LD. The present data suggest that the chorda tympani nerves possibly function as discriminators of the nutritional information by altering the taste preference, and that the glossopharyngeal nerves may convey other functional taste information, such as aversive tastes, and sensory aspects of osmotic regulation. In addition, it is revealed that the animals have ability to search for a nutrient deficient in their body, and to ingest it to a level that at least nullifies the deficiency.
为了解味觉神经如何传递与营养依赖型味觉偏好相关的信息，我们测定了双侧鼓索神经切断术（CTX）和/或舌咽神经切断术（GPX）大鼠在进食对照饮食（C）和L-赖氨酸（Lys）缺乏饮食（LD）期间氨基酸溶液和生理盐水的摄入量。完整的大鼠在C组中更偏好L-精氨酸（Arg），在LD组中更偏好Lys。CTX组在LD组中不选择也不摄入Lys，其在C组中Arg的摄入量也很低。GPX组在两种饮食条件下其偏好没有实质性改变，但其总液体摄入量有所增加。CTX + GPX组的偏好变化表现为CTX组和GPX组的综合效应。在另一项研究中，在LD组中对Lys的偏好转向更高浓度，且Lys的总消耗量增加。目前的数据表明，鼓索神经可能通过改变味觉偏好来充当营养信息的辨别器，并且舌咽神经可能传递其他功能性味觉信息，如厌恶味道和渗透调节的感觉方面。此外，研究表明动物有能力寻找体内缺乏的营养素，并摄入到至少能消除缺乏状态的水平。
