Taylor S E, Armor D A
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1563, USA.
J Pers. 1996 Dec;64(4):873-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00947.x.
We review the literature showing that positive illusions (i.e., self-aggrandizement, unrealistic optimism, and exaggerated perceptions of control) are common and associated with successful adjustment to stressful events, including conditions of extreme adversity. Using theory and recent data, we offer a basis for integrating positive illusions with the constraints of reality. We explicitly contrast the social psychological model of positive illusions with a personality viewpoint that addresses the question "Do higher levels of positive illusions predict higher levels of adjustment?" These issues are explored in the context of people coping with an array of normal stressful events, as well as those coping with more extreme stressful events, including cancer, heart disease, and HIV infection.
我们回顾了相关文献，这些文献表明积极错觉（即自我夸大、不切实际的乐观主义以及对控制的夸大认知）很常见，并且与成功应对压力事件（包括极端逆境状况）相关。运用理论和近期数据，我们为将积极错觉与现实的限制因素相结合提供了依据。我们明确地将积极错觉的社会心理学模型与一种人格观点进行对比，这种人格观点探讨了“更高水平的积极错觉是否预示着更高水平的适应能力？”这一问题。在人们应对一系列正常压力事件以及应对更极端压力事件（包括癌症、心脏病和艾滋病毒感染）的背景下，对这些问题进行了探讨。
