Hillenbrand J M, Houde R A
Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA.
J Speech Hear Res. 1996 Dec;39(6):1182-90. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3906.1182.
Glottal stops that occur in vowel-consonant-vowel context are often not realized as stops at all, but rather show voicing that is continuous throughout the glottal constriction gesture. Glottal articulations that are realized in this way are apparently marked by reductions in amplitude and fundamental frequency. In the present study measurements from naturally produced utterances containing the sequence /o?o/ (i.e., a glottal stop separating two identical vowels) were used to create a set of synthetic stimuli that varied in their F0 and amplitude contours. The utterances were resynthesized in six ways: (a) original pitch/original amplitude, (b) original pitch/flat amplitude, (c) flat pitch/original amplitude, (d) flat pitch/flat amplitude, (e) flat pitch/inverted amplitude, and (f) inverted pitch/flat amplitude. Results indicated that: (a) a dip in the pitch contour is nearly always sufficient to cue the presence of a glottal stop in the absence of any drop in amplitude, (b) a dip in the amplitude contour is usually sufficient to cue the presence of a glottal stop, and (c) signals with inverted contours were not heard as glottal stops, indicating that it is not merely an abrupt change that is needed to signal a glottal stop.
出现在元音-辅音-元音语境中的喉塞音往往根本不会被听成塞音，而是在整个喉缩窄手势过程中呈现出连续的浊音。以这种方式实现的喉音发音明显表现为振幅和基频的降低。在本研究中，对包含/o?o/序列（即一个喉塞音分隔两个相同元音）的自然发音进行测量，以创建一组在基频和振幅轮廓上有所变化的合成刺激。这些发音以六种方式重新合成：(a) 原始音高/原始振幅，(b) 原始音高/平坦振幅，(c) 平坦音高/原始振幅，(d) 平坦音高/平坦振幅，(e) 平坦音高/反转振幅，以及(f) 反转音高/平坦振幅。结果表明：(a) 在没有任何振幅下降的情况下，音高轮廓中的下降几乎总是足以提示喉塞音的存在，(b) 振幅轮廓中的下降通常足以提示喉塞音的存在，并且(c) 具有反转轮廓的信号未被听成喉塞音，这表明提示喉塞音的存在不仅仅需要一个突然的变化。
