Whalen D H, Abramson A S, Lisker L, Mody M
Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Conn.
Phonetica. 1990;47(1-2):36-49. doi: 10.1159/000261851.
The post-stop-release rise or fall of fundamental frequency (F0) is known to affect voicing judgments of syllables with ambiguous voice onset times (VOTs). In 1986, Silverman claimed that the critical factor was not direction of F0 change but rather its direction relative to the intonational contour. He further claimed that only F0s that start above and fall to the contour have an effect proportional to the size of the frequency change; F0s that rise to the contour by different amounts were claimed to be equivalent. In our first experiment, we examined the effect on voicing judgments of five onset F0s preceding a single, flat contour. Only falling F0s were differentiated in the first set of judgments, but after increased exposure to the syllables, even F0s below the contour differentially affected the voicing judgment. In a second experiment, the contour of the final part of the syllable was flat, rising or falling. F0 contour affected the judgments, as did onset F0s, but the two factors did not interact, indicating that the onset values were not being judged by reference to the contours. However, the contour which was predicted to result in more voiceless judgments also ended at a higher F0 in the vowel, and another effect of voicing is that the F0 is higher throughout the vowel after voiceless stops. In a third experiment, F0 contours were created to contrast contour and mean F0. The effect of the F0 during the vocalic segment appeared to be attributable to the average F0 rather than the contour. In all three experiments, the F0 onset values contributed to the voicing judgment whether they were above or below the putative intonation contour. The contribution of the lower F0s, while significant, was not as great as that of the higher F0s, which argues for a noncategorical contribution of intonation.
已知基频（F0）在停止释放后的上升或下降会影响具有模糊语音起始时间（VOT）的音节的发声判断。1986年，西尔弗曼声称关键因素不是F0变化的方向，而是其相对于语调轮廓的方向。他进一步声称，只有那些起始于轮廓之上并下降至轮廓的F0，其影响与频率变化的大小成比例；而那些上升至轮廓但变化量不同的F0被认为是等效的。在我们的第一个实验中，我们研究了在单一平坦轮廓之前的五个起始F0对发声判断的影响。在第一组判断中，只有下降的F0被区分出来，但在增加对音节的接触后，即使是低于轮廓的F0也会对发声判断产生不同的影响。在第二个实验中，音节最后部分的轮廓是平坦的、上升的或下降的。F0轮廓影响了判断，起始F0也一样，但这两个因素没有相互作用，这表明起始值不是参照轮廓来判断的。然而，预计会导致更多清音判断的轮廓在元音中的F0结束时也更高，而且发声的另一个影响是，在清音塞音之后，整个元音中的F0更高。在第三个实验中，创建了F0轮廓以对比轮廓和平均F0。元音段期间F0的影响似乎归因于平均F0而非轮廓。在所有三个实验中，F0起始值无论高于还是低于假定的语调轮廓，都对发声判断有贡献。较低F0的贡献虽然显著，但不如较高F0的贡献大，这表明语调的贡献是非分类性的。
