Jarvik L F, Deckard B S
Neuropsychobiology. 1977;3(2-3):179-91. doi: 10.1159/000117603.
To explain the persistence of schizophrenia in human populations at relatively high and constant rates, it is proposed that the schizoid-paranoid personality (designated as the Odyssean personality) which characterizes so many nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenics, represents a selective advantage. It is assumed that odyssean relatives carry the gene or genes predisposing to schizophrenia, but not in sufficient quantity for the development of the psychosis. It is suggested that because of their schizoid-paranoid out-look, Odysseans have an increased probability of contributing to the gene pool of succeeding generations since, in a world plagued by terror, strife, and war, they, rather than their trusting peers, are the ones more likely to survive long enough to ensure the survival of their progeny.
为了解释精神分裂症在人类群体中以相对较高且恒定的比率持续存在的现象，有人提出，许多精神分裂症患者的非精神病性亲属所具有的分裂样偏执型人格（称为奥德修斯型人格）代表了一种选择优势。据推测，具有奥德修斯型人格的亲属携带了易患精神分裂症的一个或多个基因，但数量不足以引发精神病。有人认为，由于他们具有分裂样偏执的世界观，在一个饱受恐惧、冲突和战争困扰的世界中，奥德修斯型人格的人比他们那些轻信他人的同龄人更有可能存活足够长的时间以确保其后代的存活，从而更有可能为后代的基因库做出贡献。
