Osaka K, Sato N, Yamasaki S, Fujita K, Matsumoto S
Neuroradiology. 1977 Jul 29;13(5):231-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00347064.
The angiographic features of three cases with holoprosencephaly are reported. In all of them, the galenic venous system seemed to be deficient and the basal ganglia were drained by peculiar veins which coursed laterally and drained directly into the lateral sinus. These peculiar veins are considered to be remnants of the embryonic diencephalic veins, suggesting that these patients retain their early embryonic pattern of venous drainage. The diagnosis of alobar holoprosencephaly is established by the demonstration of the azygos anterior cerebral artery coursing along the frontal bone with excessive undulations. But with lobar holoprosencephaly, this characteristic feature is not present, and dysgenesis of the deep venous system is important for the diagnosis of holoprosencephaly.
报告了三例全前脑畸形患者的血管造影特征。在所有病例中，大脑大静脉系统似乎发育不全，基底神经节由特殊的静脉引流，这些静脉向外侧走行并直接引流至外侧窦。这些特殊的静脉被认为是胚胎间脑静脉的残余，提示这些患者保留了早期胚胎静脉引流模式。无脑叶型全前脑畸形的诊断通过显示沿额骨走行且有过度波动的奇静脉大脑前动脉来确立。但对于脑叶型全前脑畸形，不存在这一特征性表现，深部静脉系统发育异常对于全前脑畸形的诊断很重要。
