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1
The leucine zipper may induce electrophoretic mobility anomalies without DNA bending.亮氨酸拉链可能会导致电泳迁移异常，而不会使DNA弯曲。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Dec 10;93(25):14434-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.25.14434.
2
Myc/Max and other helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper proteins bend DNA toward the minor groove.Myc/Max及其他螺旋-环-螺旋/亮氨酸拉链蛋白使DNA向小沟弯曲。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Dec 15;89(24):11779-83. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.24.11779.
3
Opposite orientations of DNA bending by c-Myc and Max.c-Myc和Max使DNA弯曲的相反方向。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 15;89(16):7635-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.16.7635.
4
The crystal structure of an intact human Max-DNA complex: new insights into mechanisms of transcriptional control.完整的人类Max-DNA复合物的晶体结构：转录控制机制的新见解。
Structure. 1997 Apr 15;5(4):509-20. doi: 10.1016/s0969-2126(97)00207-4.
5
Structure, function, and dynamics of the dimerization and DNA-binding domain of oncogenic transcription factor v-Myc.致癌转录因子v-Myc二聚化及DNA结合结构域的结构、功能与动力学
J Mol Biol. 2001 Apr 13;307(5):1395-410. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4537.
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The NMR solution structure of a mutant of the Max b/HLH/LZ free of DNA: insights into the specific and reversible DNA binding mechanism of dimeric transcription factors.无DNA的Max b/HLH/LZ突变体的核磁共振溶液结构：对二聚体转录因子特异性和可逆性DNA结合机制的深入了解
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7
Analysis of the Myc and Max interaction specificity with lambda repressor-HLH domain fusions.Myc与λ阻遏物-HLH结构域融合体相互作用特异性的分析。
J Mol Biol. 1995 May 5;248(3):541-50. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.1995.0241.
8
Mga, a dual-specificity transcription factor that interacts with Max and contains a T-domain DNA-binding motif.Mga，一种与Max相互作用的双特异性转录因子，含有一个T结构域DNA结合基序。
EMBO J. 1999 Dec 15;18(24):7019-28. doi: 10.1093/emboj/18.24.7019.
9
Improving the thermodynamic stability of the leucine zipper of max increases the stability of its b-HLH-LZ:E-box complex.提高Max亮氨酸拉链的热力学稳定性可增强其b-HLH-LZ:E-box复合物的稳定性。
J Mol Biol. 2003 Mar 7;326(5):1577-95. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00029-9.
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X-ray structures of Myc-Max and Mad-Max recognizing DNA. Molecular bases of regulation by proto-oncogenic transcription factors.Myc-Max和Mad-Max识别DNA的X射线结构。原癌基因转录因子调控的分子基础。
Cell. 2003 Jan 24;112(2):193-205. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(02)01284-9.

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Proteostasis perturbation of N-Myc leveraging HSP70 mediated protein turnover improves treatment of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.利用 HSP70 介导的蛋白质周转来破坏 N-Myc 的蛋白稳态可改善神经内分泌前列腺癌的治疗效果。
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Efficacy of Antibacterial Peptides Against Peptide-Resistant MRSA Is Restored by Permeabilization of Bacteria Membranes.抗菌肽对肽抗性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的疗效可通过细菌细胞膜的通透化作用得以恢复。
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DNA bending induced by DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases.DNA（胞嘧啶-5）甲基转移酶诱导的DNA弯曲
Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Aug 15;28(16):3083-91. doi: 10.1093/nar/28.16.3083.
5
Similarities and differences in the conformation of protein-DNA complexes at the U1 and U6 snRNA gene promoters.U1和U6小核RNA基因启动子处蛋白质-DNA复合物构象的异同
Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jul 15;28(14):2771-8. doi: 10.1093/nar/28.14.2771.
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The SKN-1 amino-terminal arm is a DNA specificity segment.SKN-1氨基末端臂是一个DNA特异性区段。
Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Apr;19(4):3039-50. doi: 10.1128/MCB.19.4.3039.
7
Targeting of the visna virus tat protein to AP-1 sites: interactions with the bZIP domains of fos and jun in vitro and in vivo.维斯纳病毒tat蛋白靶向AP-1位点：体内外与fos和jun的bZIP结构域的相互作用
J Virol. 1999 Jan;73(1):37-45. doi: 10.1128/JVI.73.1.37-45.1999.
8
The orientation of the AP-1 heterodimer on DNA strongly affects transcriptional potency.AP-1异二聚体在DNA上的方向对转录效力有强烈影响。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Nov 24;95(24):14076-81. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.24.14076.
9
DNA-binding domains of Fos and Jun do not induce DNA curvature: an investigation with solution and gel methods.Fos和Jun的DNA结合结构域不会诱导DNA弯曲：溶液法和凝胶法研究
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Feb 17;95(4):1404-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.4.1404.
10
Solution structure of the ATF-2 recognition site and its interaction with the ATF-2 peptide.ATF-2识别位点的溶液结构及其与ATF-2肽的相互作用。
Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Oct 1;25(19):3808-15. doi: 10.1093/nar/25.19.3808.

本文引用的文献

1
Fos and Jun do not bend the AP-1 recognition site.Fos和Jun不会使AP-1识别位点发生弯曲。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Apr 16;93(8):3248-52. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.8.3248.
2
Recognition by Max of its cognate DNA through a dimeric b/HLH/Z domain.Max通过二聚体b/HLH/Z结构域识别其同源DNA。
Nature. 1993 May 6;363(6424):38-45. doi: 10.1038/363038a0.
3
High affinity DNA-binding Myc analogs: recognition by an alpha helix.高亲和力DNA结合Myc类似物：由α螺旋识别
Cell. 1993 Feb 12;72(3):467-76. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90122-7.
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Selective DNA bending by a variety of bZIP proteins.多种碱性亮氨酸拉链蛋白对DNA的选择性弯曲
Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Sep;13(9):5479-89. doi: 10.1128/mcb.13.9.5479-5489.1993.
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Structure and function of the b/HLH/Z domain of USF.上游刺激因子（USF）的b/HLH/Z结构域的结构与功能
EMBO J. 1994 Jan 1;13(1):180-9. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06247.x.
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Crystal structure of MyoD bHLH domain-DNA complex: perspectives on DNA recognition and implications for transcriptional activation.肌分化蛋白（MyoD）碱性螺旋-环-螺旋（bHLH）结构域与DNA复合物的晶体结构：DNA识别的观点及对转录激活的影响
Cell. 1994 May 6;77(3):451-9. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90159-7.
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microphthalmia, a critical factor in melanocyte development, defines a discrete transcription factor family.小眼畸形是黑素细胞发育的关键因素，它定义了一个离散的转录因子家族。
Genes Dev. 1994 Nov 15;8(22):2770-80. doi: 10.1101/gad.8.22.2770.
8
Crystal structure of transcription factor E47: E-box recognition by a basic region helix-loop-helix dimer.转录因子E47的晶体结构：碱性区域螺旋-环-螺旋二聚体对E盒的识别
Genes Dev. 1994 Apr 15;8(8):970-80. doi: 10.1101/gad.8.8.970.
9
Pre-bending of a promoter sequence enhances affinity for the TATA-binding factor.启动子序列的预弯曲可增强对TATA结合因子的亲和力。
Nature. 1995 Feb 23;373(6516):724-7. doi: 10.1038/373724a0.
10
Crystal structure of the heterodimeric bZIP transcription factor c-Fos-c-Jun bound to DNA.与DNA结合的异二聚体碱性亮氨酸拉链转录因子c-Fos-c-Jun的晶体结构。
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亮氨酸拉链可能会导致电泳迁移异常，而不会使DNA弯曲。

The leucine zipper may induce electrophoretic mobility anomalies without DNA bending.

作者信息

McCormick R J, Badalian T, Fisher D E

机构信息

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

出版信息

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Dec 10;93(25):14434-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.25.14434.

DOI:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14434
PMID:8962069
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC26150/
Abstract

Numerous proteins bend DNA upon binding, a phenomenon of potential significance for regulation of gene expression and chromatin. DNA bending is commonly predicted from the presence of electrophoretic mobility anomalies in protein-DNA complexes. However, as compared with electrophoretic methods, several DNA binding oncoprotein families do not display comparable evidence of DNA bends in x-ray structural studies. Herein, circularization kinetics and affinity measurements with prebent DNA templates were employed to assess bending and DNA structural preferences for Max and other basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper proteins. In this way, proteins in the Myc/Max basic helix-loop-helix/ leucine zipper family were found not to bend DNA in solution but to actually stabilize DNA in an unbent configuration that resists circularization. The mobility anomaly was found to be induced by the leucine zipper protein motif, rather than structural distortions of DNA. Thus rigid protein domain structures may induce anomalous electrophoretic mobility. Moreover, the energetic preference of non-DNA bending proteins for unbent templates suggests mechanisms whereby chromatin structure may regulate transcription.

摘要

许多蛋白质在结合时会使DNA弯曲，这一现象对于基因表达和染色质的调控可能具有重要意义。DNA弯曲通常是根据蛋白质-DNA复合物中电泳迁移异常的存在来预测的。然而，与电泳方法相比，在X射线结构研究中，几个DNA结合癌蛋白家族并未显示出可比的DNA弯曲证据。在此，利用预弯曲DNA模板的环化动力学和亲和力测量来评估Max和其他碱性螺旋-环-螺旋/亮氨酸拉链蛋白的弯曲和DNA结构偏好。通过这种方式，发现Myc/Max碱性螺旋-环-螺旋/亮氨酸拉链家族中的蛋白质在溶液中不会使DNA弯曲，而是实际上稳定DNA处于抗环化的未弯曲构型。发现迁移异常是由亮氨酸拉链蛋白基序诱导的，而不是DNA的结构扭曲。因此，刚性蛋白质结构域结构可能会诱导异常的电泳迁移率。此外，非DNA弯曲蛋白对未弯曲模板的能量偏好提示了染色质结构可能调控转录的机制。