Manzano C, Orue J M, de la Rúa C
Departmento de Biología Animal y Genética, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, Bilbao, Spain.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1996 Feb;99(2):249-58. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199602)99:2<249::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-U.
The genetic and linguistic peculiarity of the Basque population is well known. Analysis of the studies published to date on the Basque population reveals that these studies refer basically to the provinces of Vizcaya and Labourd, both in the Northern part of the Basque Country. Multidisciplinary information indicates that the landscape differences of the Basque Country could have conditioned differential population biodynamics in the Atlantic and Mediterranean parts of the Basque area. In order to evaluate this possibility, this study focuses on the genetic constitution of the Basque population of Alava (in the South of the Basque Country) through the analysis of several red-cell systems. The data obtained in this genetic study and those from archaeology, linguistics, ethnography, and skeletal biology suggest that within the "Basque population" there may be at least two distinct groups: an "Atlantic" group and a "Mediterranean" one, divided mainly by the watershed. This geographical feature could have led to a greater genetic isolation of the Northern slopes, with the South more open to population contact. This is reflected nowadays in the different cline distribution detected for most systems in the Alava Basques in comparison with other Basque and Iberian Peninsula series studied to date.
巴斯克人群的基因和语言特性是众所周知的。对迄今发表的关于巴斯克人群的研究进行分析后发现，这些研究基本上涉及巴斯克地区北部的比斯开省和下纳瓦拉省。多学科信息表明，巴斯克地区的景观差异可能影响了巴斯克地区大西洋部分和地中海部分不同的人口生物动态。为了评估这种可能性，本研究通过分析几个红细胞系统，聚焦于阿拉瓦（位于巴斯克地区南部）的巴斯克人群的基因构成。在这项基因研究中获得的数据以及考古学、语言学、民族志和骨骼生物学的数据表明，在“巴斯克人群”中可能至少存在两个不同的群体：一个“大西洋”群体和一个“地中海”群体，主要由分水岭分隔开来。这一地理特征可能导致北坡的基因隔离程度更高，而南部地区的人口接触更为开放。如今，与迄今研究的其他巴斯克和伊比利亚半岛系列相比，在阿拉瓦巴斯克人大多数系统中检测到的不同渐变分布就反映了这一点。
