Takai M, Anaya F
Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1996 Feb;99(2):301-17. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199602)99:2<301::AID-AJPA7>3.0.CO;2-0.
During the 1992 and 1993 field seasons, several new specimens of Branisella boliviana, the oldest fossil platyrrhine, were discovered in the late Oligocene deposits at Salla, northwestern Bolivia. The new materials are two maxillary fragments and seven mandibular fragments, including P3 and P2, neither of which have previously been recovered. All new and previously reported materials, including the holotype and referred specimens, were apparently recovered from the same horizon, called the Branisella zone (MacFadden et al. [1985] J. Geol. 93:223-250; MacFadden [1990] J. Hum. Evol. 19:7-21. The crown morphology of the newly discovered upper and lower premolars suggests that Branisella has a close affinity with callitrichines. A detailed examination of all molar specimens suggests that "Szalatavus attricuspis," which was recovered at Salla in 1981 and described as a new genus by Rosenberger et al. (1991), is a junior synonym of Branisella. The Branisella-like upper molar, in which a small hypocone is preserved on the poorly developed distolingual cingulum, is a shared-derived character with callitrichines and does not correspond to the primitive state for platyrrhine phylogeny. The ancestral upper molar morphotype for platyrrhines should have a moderate to large hypocone and a well developed talon area.
在1992年和1993年的野外考察季，在玻利维亚西北部萨拉的晚渐新世沉积物中发现了几只玻利维亚布氏猴（最古老的化石阔鼻猴）的新标本。新材料包括两块上颌骨碎片和七块下颌骨碎片，其中有P3和P2，此前均未被发现过。所有新发现的以及之前报道过的材料，包括正模标本和归入标本，显然都采自同一地层，即所谓的布氏猴层（麦克法登等人，[1985]《地质学杂志》93:223 - 250；麦克法登，[1990]《人类进化杂志》19:7 - 21）。新发现的上下前磨牙的冠部形态表明，布氏猴与狨猴科关系密切。对所有磨牙标本的详细检查表明，1981年在萨拉发现并被罗森伯格等人（1991年）描述为一个新属的“阿氏萨氏猴”是布氏猴的次同物异名。类似布氏猴的上颌磨牙，在发育不良的远中舌侧边缘嵴上保留有一个小次尖，这是与狨猴科共有的衍生特征，与阔鼻猴系统发育的原始状态不符。阔鼻猴祖先的上颌磨牙形态型应该有一个中等至较大的次尖和发育良好的跟部区域。
