Pirastu R, Iavarone I, Comba P
Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Università degli Studi La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 1996;32(1):3-20.
The present contribution reviews the epidemiological literature on the risk factors for bladder cancer in humans, pointing to the new leads from the available knowledge and to suggestions on prevention and research needs. Smoking accounts for about 50% of bladder cancer cases in western countries, occupational exposures are second in importance in bladder cancer development. Exposure to aromatic amines in dyestuff manufacture, in the rubber and textile industry, occupations entailing exposure to paints and solvents, leather dust, inks, some metals, PAH, combustion products and diesel exhausts have been identified as risk factors from epidemiological studies. Other investigations have detected increased risk for bladder cancer in association with dietary factors, specifically fats and cholesterol, and with contamination of drinking water by chlorination by-products.
本论文综述了关于人类膀胱癌危险因素的流行病学文献，指出了现有知识中的新线索以及预防建议和研究需求。在西方国家，约50%的膀胱癌病例归因于吸烟，职业暴露在膀胱癌发展中居第二位。流行病学研究已确定，在染料制造、橡胶和纺织工业中接触芳香胺，从事接触油漆和溶剂、皮革粉尘、油墨、某些金属、多环芳烃、燃烧产物和柴油废气的职业是危险因素。其他调查发现，膀胱癌风险增加与饮食因素（特别是脂肪和胆固醇）以及饮用水被氯化副产物污染有关。
