Chapman K M, Winter L
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA.
Geriatrics. 1996 Dec;51(12):37-42.
Close to three-fourths of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffer from weight loss. Identifying a single cause for this is difficult, as several factors-including chronic mouth breathing, dyspnea, aerophagia, certain medications, and depression-often act in concert. Malnutrition can exacerbate symptoms of COPD by decreasing ventilatory muscle strength, exercise tolerance, and immunocompetence, and by increasing the risk of depression and anxiety. Goals of nutrition intervention are to prevent or reverse malnutrition without worsening the disease process and to improve respiratory function, thereby reducing morbidity and delaying mortality. Recommendations for intake of fats, carbohydrates, protein, and water must be individualized.
近四分之三的慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者存在体重减轻的情况。由于包括慢性口呼吸、呼吸困难、吞气症、某些药物以及抑郁症在内的多种因素常常共同作用，很难确定造成这种情况的单一原因。营养不良会通过降低呼吸肌力量、运动耐量和免疫能力，以及增加抑郁和焦虑风险来加重慢性阻塞性肺疾病的症状。营养干预的目标是在不使疾病进程恶化的情况下预防或逆转营养不良，并改善呼吸功能，从而降低发病率并延缓死亡率。脂肪、碳水化合物、蛋白质和水的摄入量建议必须因人而异。
