Possibilities for unexplained chronic illnesses among reserve units deployed in Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm.

Because Armed Forces Reserve members, especially combat support units, were rapidly mobilized during Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, they were at higher risk for anxiety and stress-related disorders. Personnel in reserve units in the military force structure are at greater risk for psychologic stress due to rapid mobilization and demobilization, which allows minimal time to process adverse experiences or fears. The unexpected disruption of families and careers and resulting financial pressures are magnified in older age groups who have increased personal and family commitments. Personnel in combat support units are at greatest risk when they lack necessary training, cohesion, and leadership. Prevention efforts in reserve units should involve education regarding the potential for activation and associated disruption of family and career plans. Support networks for reserve families should be encouraged. Additional training in an appropriate context regarding risks of biologic and chemical exposure, with the goal of developing confidence in training and equipment, should be stressed. Finally, group processing before demobilization and recall within 90 days of return to emphasize unit cohesion and readjustment to civilian life may be of benefit.