Shapiro S
Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA.
Neurosurgery. 1997 Jan;40(1):168-76; discussion 177. doi: 10.1097/00006123-199701000-00037.
The science of neurotransmission in the normal and injured spinal cord has grown. This is a review of neurotransmission using serotonin, noradrenaline, glutamate, glycine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid.
The literature on spinal cord neurotransmission and changes that occur with trauma are reviewed.
Serotonergic and noradrenergic bulbospinal tracts influence interneurons and motor neurons via postsynaptic inhibition. Colocalization of serotonin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone occur in bulbospinal tracts, and reduction in uptake and thyrotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity quantitates the degree of injury in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Glutamate functions as an excitatory transmitter of some dorsal root afferent neurons and interneurons modulating nociceptive and motor neurons via at least five different receptors. Reactive synaptogenesis occurs after SCI, leading to an increase in the number of excitatory glutamatergic synapses below the level of SCI. gamma-Aminobutyric acid is an inhibitory transmitter of spinal interneurons that functions both pre- and postsynaptically. After SCI, a reduction occurs in the number of inhibitory synapses related to gamma-aminobutyric acid. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that functions postsynaptically and also modulates the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. After SCI, a reduction in glycine adds to the loss of local inhibition below the SCI.
正常及损伤脊髓中神经传递的科学已有发展。本文是对使用5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸的神经传递的综述。
回顾了关于脊髓神经传递及创伤后发生变化的文献。
5-羟色胺能和去甲肾上腺素能延髓脊髓束通过突触后抑制作用影响中间神经元和运动神经元。5-羟色胺和促甲状腺激素释放激素在延髓脊髓束中共定位，摄取减少和促甲状腺激素释放激素免疫反应性降低可量化慢性脊髓损伤（SCI）的损伤程度。谷氨酸作为一些背根传入神经元和中间神经元的兴奋性递质，通过至少五种不同受体调节伤害性感受神经元和运动神经元。脊髓损伤后发生反应性突触形成，导致脊髓损伤水平以下兴奋性谷氨酸能突触数量增加。γ-氨基丁酸是脊髓中间神经元的抑制性递质，在突触前和突触后均起作用。脊髓损伤后，与γ-氨基丁酸相关的抑制性突触数量减少。甘氨酸是一种突触后起作用的抑制性神经递质，也调节N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体。脊髓损伤后，甘氨酸减少加剧了脊髓损伤水平以下局部抑制的丧失。
