Bishop C A, Ng P, Norstrom R J, Brooks R J, Pettit K E
Conservation Strategies Division, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Environmental Conservation Branch, Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1996 Nov;31(4):512-24. doi: 10.1007/BF00212435.
Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina) eggs from five sites within the Great Lakes basin, and from a reference site in north-central Ontario were collected during 1981-1991 and analyzed for four organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) including six non-ortho PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The pattern of geographic variation was consistent over time in eggs with Cootes Paradise/ Hamilton Harbour and Lynde Creek eggs on Lake Ontario containing the highest concentrations and most PCDD and PCDF congeners among all sites. Eggs from Cranberry Marsh on Lake Ontario contained organochlorine concentrations similar to those from Big Creek Marsh and Rondeau Provincial Park on Lake Erie except PCDDs and PCDFs which occurred at higher concentrations and more congeners were detectable in Cranberry Marsh eggs. Concentrations of most contaminants in turtle eggs from Algonquin Park, the reference site, have significantly decreased in the past decade. Dieldrin concentrations, however, increased in Algonquin Park eggs from 1981 to 1989. Significant decreases in concentrations of hexachlorobenzene, mirex and PCBs occurred between turtle eggs collected in 1981/84 and 1989 at Big Creek Marsh and Rondeau Provincial Park, whereas there was no significant change in concentrations of p,p'-DDE and dieldrin. In Lake Ontario eggs, concentrations of PCBs, p,p'-DDE and dieldrin increased significantly between 1984 and 1991. Differences were also found in patterns of temporal variation in contamination between herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and snapping turtles which were attributed to differences in diet. Elevated and continued contamination in turtle eggs from Lake. Ontario is probably due to a combination of local sources of chemicals and consumption of large migratory fish that spawn in wetlands inhabited by these turtles.
1981年至1991年期间，从五大湖流域内的五个地点以及安大略省中北部的一个参考地点采集了普通鳄龟（Chelydra serpentina serpentina）的卵，并对其中的四种有机氯农药、多氯联苯（PCBs）（包括六种非邻位PCBs）、多氯二苯并二恶英（PCDDs）和多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）进行了分析。随着时间的推移，地理变异模式在卵中保持一致，安大略湖的库茨天堂/汉密尔顿港和林德溪的卵在所有地点中含有最高浓度以及最多的PCDD和PCDF同系物。安大略湖蔓越莓沼泽的卵中有机氯浓度与伊利湖的大溪沼泽和朗多省立公园的相似，但PCDDs和PCDFs在蔓越莓沼泽卵中的浓度更高，且可检测到的同系物更多。参考地点阿尔冈昆公园的龟卵中，大多数污染物的浓度在过去十年中显著下降。然而，从1981年到1989年，阿尔冈昆公园龟卵中的狄氏剂浓度有所上升。1981/84年和1989年在大溪沼泽和朗多省立公园采集的龟卵中，六氯苯、灭蚁灵和多氯联苯的浓度显著下降，而p,p'-滴滴伊和狄氏剂的浓度没有显著变化。在安大略湖的龟卵中，1984年至1991年期间多氯联苯、p,p'-滴滴伊和狄氏剂的浓度显著上升。在银鸥（Larus argentatus）和鳄龟的污染时间变化模式上也发现了差异，这归因于饮食差异。安大略湖龟卵中污染物的持续高浓度可能是由于当地化学物质来源以及这些龟栖息的湿地中产卵的大型洄游鱼类的食用共同导致的。
