Petry N M, Heyman G M
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Physiol Behav. 1997 Jan;61(1):119-26. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00351-4.
Five rats were trained to respond for 10% sucrose and 10% sucrose/0.006% quinine in an operant procedure. Both solutions were concurrently available on independent, variable-interval 5-s schedules of reinforcement. Rats reliably responded for both solutions throughout the sessions and made approximately 68% of their total daily responses for the sucrose solution. When injected prior to the sessions with 4 mg/kg of chlordiazepoxide, rats selectively increased quinine responding; injections of the benzodiazepine inverse agonist Ro 15-4513 (9 mg/kg) led to decreased quinine responding. The effects of both chlordiazepoxide and Ro 15-4513 were reversed by the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil. Presession injections of flumazenil, muscimol, baclofen, or picrotoxin all resulted in no changes in responding, or a decrease in responding for both solutions. These results are discussed in terms of a bidirectional modulation of sweet-bitter taste preference by drugs acting on the benzodiazepine receptor. Moreover, the data from these experiments suggest that any changes in the oral consumption of alcohol following administration of benzodiazepine drugs must be examined in light of their effects on taste palatability.
五只大鼠通过操作性程序接受训练，对10%蔗糖溶液和10%蔗糖/0.006%奎宁溶液做出反应。两种溶液同时以独立的可变间隔5秒强化程序供应。在整个实验过程中，大鼠对两种溶液都能可靠地做出反应，并且其每日总反应中约68%是针对蔗糖溶液的。在实验前注射4mg/kg氯氮卓后，大鼠选择性地增加了对奎宁的反应；注射苯二氮䓬反向激动剂Ro 15 - 4513（9mg/kg）导致对奎宁的反应减少。氯氮卓和Ro 15 - 4513的作用均被苯二氮䓬拮抗剂氟马西尼逆转。实验前注射氟马西尼、蝇蕈醇、巴氯芬或苦味毒均未导致反应发生变化，或两种溶液的反应均减少。根据作用于苯二氮䓬受体的药物对甜-苦味觉偏好的双向调节来讨论这些结果。此外，这些实验的数据表明，在给予苯二氮䓬类药物后，任何饮酒量的变化都必须根据其对味觉适口性的影响来进行研究。
