Bonney E A, Matzinger P
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
J Immunol. 1997 Jan 1;158(1):40-7.
Although female mice readily reject organs from allogeneic or semiallogeneic male donors, they do not reject the fetuses sired by those same donors. An explanation for this that has been made in the past is that the fetus influences its mother's immune response by sending fetal cells into the maternal circulation. To determine the frequency and magnitude of fetal to maternal cell migration, we employed a sensitive quantitative PCR technique to assess the numbers of male cells in the thymus, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood of normal mice undergoing their first pregnancy. We found that fetal cell migration is not universal but occurs in only a fraction of pregnancies. Using a kinetic analysis of normal mice mated to syngeneic or allogeneic males, a comparison of normal and SCID mice, and testing of multiparous mice for CTL against fetal Ags, we found that migrating fetal cells were cleared by the maternal immune system. Thus the mother is not continuously exposed to circulating fetal cells and, in fact, has the capacity to eliminate them without eliminating the fetus.
尽管雌性小鼠很容易排斥来自同种异体或半同种异体雄性供体的器官，但它们不会排斥由这些相同供体所孕育的胎儿。过去对此的一种解释是，胎儿通过将胎儿细胞送入母体循环来影响其母亲的免疫反应。为了确定胎儿向母体细胞迁移的频率和程度，我们采用了一种灵敏的定量PCR技术，来评估首次怀孕的正常小鼠的胸腺、脾脏、肝脏、淋巴结和外周血中雄性细胞的数量。我们发现，胎儿细胞迁移并非普遍现象，仅在一部分妊娠中发生。通过对与同基因或异基因雄性交配的正常小鼠进行动力学分析、比较正常小鼠和严重联合免疫缺陷（SCID）小鼠，并检测经产小鼠针对胎儿抗原的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL），我们发现迁移的胎儿细胞会被母体免疫系统清除。因此，母亲不会持续接触循环中的胎儿细胞，事实上，她有能力在不排斥胎儿的情况下清除这些细胞。
