Biernat M, Vescio T K, Green M L
Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045-2160, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Dec;71(6):1194-209. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.71.6.1194.
In an examination of group members' responses to the threat of negative in-group characterizations, sorority/fraternity members were asked to rate themselves, their own sorority/fraternity, sororities/ fraternities in general, and students in general on attributes that were stereotypic of sororities/ fraternities. Results showed that individuals selectively self-stereotyped-they embraced positive stereotypes as highly descriptive of themselves and their closest in-groups but rejected negative stereotypes. They did not, however, deny that negative stereotypes were accurate or valid-they continued to accept them as typical of sororities/fraternities in general. This represents a protective, creative response to the threat posed by exposure to negative group attributes, in which self-stereotyping as a result of self-categorization is selective rather than complete.
在一项关于群体成员对负面群体特征威胁的反应的研究中,研究人员要求姐妹会/兄弟会成员根据一些对姐妹会/兄弟会具有刻板印象的特征,对自己、自己所在的姐妹会/兄弟会、一般的姐妹会/兄弟会以及一般的学生进行评分。结果显示,个体存在选择性的自我刻板印象——他们接受积极的刻板印象,认为这些刻板印象能很好地描述自己和最亲近的内群体,但拒绝接受消极的刻板印象。然而,他们并不否认消极刻板印象是准确或有效的——他们仍然认为这些消极刻板印象是一般姐妹会/兄弟会的典型特征。这代表了一种对接触负面群体特征所带来的威胁的保护性、创造性反应,其中自我分类导致的自我刻板印象是选择性的而非完全的。