Abrahams S, Pickering A, Polkey C E, Morris R G
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London, U.K.
Neuropsychologia. 1997 Jan;35(1):11-24. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(96)00051-6.
Patients with unilateral temporal lobe damage resulting from intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE, n = 30) or from temporal lobe resection (temporal lobectomy, TLR, n = 47) were investigated on the Nine-box Maze. The task, analogous to the radial arm maze, was designed to compare spatial mapping and working memory theories of the functions of the hippocampus. The task provides measures of spatial, object, working and reference memory, incorporated into a within subjects design. The spatial component was designed to encourage the formation of allocentric rather than egocentric spatial representations. Spatial memory deficits were found (across working and reference memory components) in both TLE and TLR patients with right temporal lobe damage, with intact spatial memory in patients with corresponding left temporal lobe damage. Performance on the matched non-spatial (object) working memory component was equal to healthy controls for all groups. However all patient groups showed a deficit on object reference memory. These findings are discussed in relation to the underlying temporal lobe pathology and particularly atrophy of the hippocampal formation. Overall, the results support the cognitive mapping theory of hippocampal function, with the demonstration of a selective (and probably allocentric) spatial memory deficit in patients with right hippocampal damage.
对因顽固性颞叶癫痫（TLE，n = 30）或颞叶切除术（TLR，n = 47）导致单侧颞叶损伤的患者进行了九格迷宫测试。该任务类似于放射状臂迷宫，旨在比较海马体功能的空间映射理论和工作记忆理论。该任务提供了空间、物体、工作和参考记忆的测量方法，并纳入了受试者内设计。空间成分旨在鼓励形成以自我为中心而非以自我为中心的空间表征。在右侧颞叶损伤的TLE和TLR患者中均发现了空间记忆缺陷（在工作和参考记忆成分中），而相应左侧颞叶损伤的患者空间记忆完好。所有组在匹配的非空间（物体）工作记忆成分上的表现与健康对照组相当。然而，所有患者组在物体参考记忆方面均表现出缺陷。结合潜在的颞叶病理学，特别是海马结构萎缩，对这些发现进行了讨论。总体而言，结果支持海马体功能的认知映射理论，证明了右侧海马体损伤患者存在选择性（可能是以自我为中心的）空间记忆缺陷。
