Hussey G D, Clements C J
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Ann Trop Paediatr. 1996 Dec;16(4):307-17. doi: 10.1080/02724936.1996.11747843.
Measles remains one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The World Health Organization has identified effective case management as one of the specific strategies to reduce the burden of this disease. The purpose of this article is to review the aetiology, natural history, treatment and outcome of the common clinical problems associated with measles with a view to identifying possible deficiencies in case management. Complications such as pneumonia, diarrhoea, croup and malnutrition have been well defined in terms of their relative contribution to morbidity and mortality. However, there are few published data on the aetiology and natural history of these specific complications. Such data are crucial for rational case management strategies. Data on treatment of measles and its complications are limited and the role of antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy is unclear. The only specific research focus on case management during the last decade has been vitamin A therapy. There is a continuing need for community and hospital-based studies on the natural history of measles and its complications, the aetiology of these complications and intervention strategies that will improve measles case management.
在发展中国家，麻疹仍然是儿童发病和死亡的主要原因之一。世界卫生组织已将有效的病例管理确定为减轻该疾病负担的具体策略之一。本文旨在回顾与麻疹相关的常见临床问题的病因、自然史、治疗和结果，以确定病例管理中可能存在的不足。肺炎、腹泻、哮吼和营养不良等并发症在其对发病率和死亡率的相对影响方面已有明确界定。然而，关于这些特定并发症的病因和自然史的公开数据很少。此类数据对于合理的病例管理策略至关重要。关于麻疹及其并发症治疗的数据有限，抗生素预防和治疗的作用尚不清楚。过去十年中唯一针对病例管理的具体研究重点是维生素A疗法。持续需要开展基于社区和医院的研究，以了解麻疹及其并发症的自然史、这些并发症的病因以及可改善麻疹病例管理的干预策略。
