Lelieveld H L, Boon B, Bennett A, Brunius G, Cantley M, Chmiel A, Collins C H, Crooy P, Doblhoff-Dier O, Economidis I, Elmqvist A, Frontali-Botti C, Havenaar R, Haymerle H, Käppeli O, Leaver G, Lex M, Lund S, Mahler J L, Marris R, Martinez J L, Mosgaard C, Normand-Plessier C, Romantschuk M, Werner R G
Institute for Applied Microbiology, University for Agriculture, Wien, Austria.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1996 Jul;45(6):723-9. doi: 10.1007/s002530050754.
The current systems for classifying human pathogens on the basis of hazard are well developed and their basic criteria are in general agreement one with another. Of more importance, the safety practices based on these classifications have generally been successful. They have enabled extensive research activities, medical practice and industrial production to be conducted on an ever-increasing scale, involving dangerous microorganisms (e.g. in vaccine production and treatment of infected patients) with a very low incidence of adverse effects on the workers involved and the general public. Although the EU has adopted a harmonised list of agents in groups 1-4 there is as yet no complete agreement among member states and individual microbiologists. The purpose of this paper is to present a historical survey and to discuss the current processes for identifying and classifying the hazards posed by the use of microorganisms in research and technology. This is essential in the design of appropriate methods of counteracting potential risks.
目前基于危害对人类病原体进行分类的系统已经相当完善，其基本标准总体上相互一致。更重要的是，基于这些分类的安全措施总体上是成功的。它们使得广泛的研究活动、医疗实践和工业生产能够在不断扩大的规模上进行，涉及危险微生物（如疫苗生产和感染患者治疗），对相关工作人员和公众产生不利影响的发生率极低。尽管欧盟已经采用了1-4类病原体的统一清单，但成员国和个别微生物学家之间尚未完全达成一致。本文的目的是进行历史回顾，并讨论目前在研究和技术中识别和分类使用微生物所带来危害的过程。这对于设计应对潜在风险的适当方法至关重要。
