European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen, Major Accident Hazard Bureau, Ispra Establishment, 21020 Ispra, VA, Italy.
J Hazard Mater. 2009 Nov 15;171(1-3):16-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.110. Epub 2009 Jun 6.
Europe is currently in the process of finalising legislation to align its criteria for classifying and labelling dangerous substances with the new Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), replacing the criteria that have been in place within the European Union since the establishment in 1967 of Directive 67/548/EC on the Classification and Labelling of Dangerous Substances. The Seveso II Directive is potentially the piece of EU legislation most affected by this re-classification because coverage of sites under the Directive is determined to a large extent on the basis of the presence of certain generic categories of substances on site as defined by 67/548/EC. The European Commission in concert with the Member States has launched an initiative to review the current Seveso generic classifications with the view to adjusting these provisions as appropriate in light of the pending GHS-EU harmonisation. In doing so, it must foresee and take into account the inevitable inequalities that may result when the general conditions of a generalised approach are altered. This paper gives an overview of the Seveso qualifying criteria and corrective measures that have been used in the past to address its limitations in relation to specific substances and categories of substances. Adaptation of the criteria to the GHS classification is not likely to alter these limitations, but could generate new cases where they are again in evidence. Therefore, this analysis offers insight on what types of potential unforeseen and unintended consequences that changes to the current generic criteria (i.e., certain sites are inappropriately covered or not covered, as the case may be) may entail, while also highlighting how well different structural and administrative elements may function to address these situations.
欧洲目前正在完成立法工作，以使其对危险物质的分类和标签标准与新的全球化学品统一分类和标签制度（GHS）保持一致，取代自 1967 年《关于危险物质分类和标签的指令 67/548/EC》建立以来一直在欧盟内部实施的标准。《塞韦索 II 指令》是受这种重新分类影响最大的欧盟立法之一，因为该指令涵盖的地点在很大程度上是根据 67/548/EC 中定义的现场存在某些通用类别的物质来确定的。欧盟委员会与成员国一道发起了一项倡议，审查现行的《塞韦索通用分类》，以期根据即将进行的 GHS-EU 协调，对此类规定进行适当调整。在这样做的过程中，它必须预见并考虑到当改变普遍化方法的一般条件时可能产生的不可避免的不平等。本文概述了过去为解决与特定物质和物质类别相关的限制而使用的《塞韦索》合格标准和纠正措施。对标准进行 GHS 分类的调整不太可能改变这些限制，但可能会产生新的情况，再次出现这些限制。因此，这种分析提供了对当前通用标准（即某些地点不适当地被涵盖或未被涵盖，视情况而定）的变化可能带来的潜在不可预见和意外后果的深入了解，同时还强调了不同的结构和行政要素在解决这些情况方面的运作情况。
