Burns D J
Department of Psychology, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA.
Am J Psychol. 1996 Winter;109(4):567-80.
The item-order distinction has been useful in explaining memory dissociations in short-term retention tasks. It generally has been assumed that serial order information is beneficial to long-term retention as well, although the distinction has received little empirical attention. Recently, it was shown that generating items at input, rather than simply reading them, hinders processing of serial order information. This reduction in order processing has been implicated in the lack of generation effects in between-list designs. Experiment 1, using typical generation effect procedures, showed that generation inhibited order reconstruction performance. Experiment 2 showed that order reconstruction was hindered even when categorically related lists were used. Experiment 3 demonstrated that generation inhibited order reconstruction in an incidental learning procedure. The results suggest that order processing is relatively automatic and that generation constantly inhibits it. The results support the view that the item-order distinction may be a powerful explanatory tool in long-term memory research.
项目顺序区分在解释短期记忆任务中的记忆分离现象方面很有用。一般认为，序列顺序信息对长期记忆也有益，尽管这一区分很少受到实证关注。最近有研究表明，在输入时生成项目，而不是简单地阅读它们，会阻碍序列顺序信息的处理。这种顺序处理的减少被认为是列表间设计中缺乏生成效应的原因。实验1采用典型的生成效应程序，表明生成会抑制顺序重建表现。实验2表明，即使使用分类相关的列表，顺序重建也会受到阻碍。实验3证明，在附带学习程序中，生成会抑制顺序重建。结果表明，顺序处理相对自动，而生成本身会持续抑制它。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即项目顺序区分可能是长期记忆研究中一个强有力的解释工具。
