McCormick C, Biellick R, Shearley A, Saruchera H
School of International Training, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Cent Afr J Med. 1996 Aug;42(8):236-40.
Missed opportunities for vaccination occur when a child or woman who is eligible for a vaccination visits a health facility but fails to receive that vaccination. Our study attempted to determine the extent and reasons for missed opportunities occurring in an urban setting in Zimbabwe.
This study was carried out using the standard WHO EPI protocol for ascertaining missed opportunities for vaccination.
All four health clinics in Chitungwiza City.
All appropriate clients (children < 2 years and women of childbearing age) exiting each facility.
The study revealed a global missed opportunity rate of six pc for children and 55pc for women of childbearing age. Missed opportunities occurred more frequently when children attended curative services and when women of childbearing age attended preventive services.
Vaccination services can be improved by making all vaccines available and by screening children and women at all contacts with health services. Additionally, all women should receive and be encouraged to carry a tetanus toxoid vaccination card when visiting a health facility. In all cases, a vial of vaccine should be opened even if only one child or woman is eligible for vaccination, in accordance with Ministry of Health policy.
当符合接种条件的儿童或妇女前往医疗机构就诊但未接种疫苗时，就会出现疫苗接种错失机会的情况。我们的研究试图确定在津巴布韦城市地区出现疫苗接种错失机会的程度及原因。
本研究采用世界卫生组织扩大免疫规划（EPI）的标准方案来确定疫苗接种错失机会情况。
奇通圭扎市的所有四家健康诊所。
从每家医疗机构出来的所有符合条件的对象（2岁以下儿童及育龄妇女）。
研究显示，儿童的总体疫苗接种错失机会率为6%，育龄妇女为55%。当儿童接受治疗服务以及育龄妇女接受预防服务时，错失机会的情况更频繁出现。
通过提供所有疫苗以及在儿童和妇女每次接触医疗服务时进行筛查，可以改善疫苗接种服务。此外，所有妇女在前往医疗机构就诊时都应领取并被鼓励携带破伤风类毒素接种卡。在所有情况下，根据卫生部政策，即使只有一名儿童或妇女符合接种条件，也应打开一瓶疫苗。
